Fistula
An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel or tract that develops between the anal canal and the skin near the anus. It is usually the result of an infection or abscess in the anal glands. Anal fistulas can cause pain, discomfort, and recurrent infections. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for anal fistulas.
External hemorrhoids are a type of hemorrhoids that form outside the anus, specifically at the lower end of the anal canal. They can cause discomfort and are often accompanied by swelling and irritation. While itching is often associated with external hemorrhoids, it is more commonly caused by skin irritation. Thrombosis is a common occurrence in external hemorrhoids, where the vein may rupture or a blood clot can form, turning the hemorrhoid into a thrombosed hemorrhoid.
Internal hemorrhoids are hemorrhoids that develop within the rectum. They are caused by swollen veins in the area supplied by branches of the superior rectal arteries. Since the rectal region lacks pain receptors, internal hemorrhoids typically do not cause pain, and many individuals are unaware of their presence. However, these hemorrhoids can bleed if they become irritated.
- The most common cause of anal fistulas is an infection in the anal glands, which are small glands located inside the anus. When an infection occurs, it can lead to the formation of an abscess. If the abscess does not drain properly, it can create a passage or tunnel known as a fistula. Other possible causes of anal fistulas include:
- Crohn's disease: This inflammatory bowel disease can increase the risk of developing fistulas in the anal area.
- Injury or trauma: Surgical procedures, childbirth, or other injuries to the anal area can result in fistula formation.
- Inflammatory conditions: Conditions such as tuberculosis or sexually transmitted infections can contribute to the development of anal fistulas.
- Persistent anal pain: Pain around the anus that persists even when not having a bowel movement is a common symptom of anal fistulas.
- Recurrent abscesses: Individuals with fistulas may experience recurrent abscesses that fill with pus and require drainage.
- Discharge: A foul-smelling discharge may be present, which can be bloody, pus-like, or watery.
- Itching and irritation: The skin around the anus may become itchy, irritated, and red.
- Fever and general malaise: In cases of infection, fever, fatigue, and a general feeling of being unwell may be present.
- Diagnosing an anal fistula usually involves a combination of the following:
- Physical examination: A healthcare professional will perform a visual inspection and palpation of the anal area to identify the presence of a fistula or abscess.
- Imaging tests: Techniques such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scan may be used to visualize the fistula tract and determine its depth and complexity.
- Fistulogram: This is a specialized X-ray procedure where a contrast dye is injected into the fistula tract to aid in visualization.
This surgical procedure involves cutting open the fistula tract, removing the infected tissue, and allowing it to heal from the inside out.
A seton is a thin surgical thread or rubber band that is placed through the fistula tract to allow it to heal gradually and prevent abscess formation.
In some cases, a biologic or synthetic plug may be inserted into the fistula tract to promote healing and closure.
This procedure involves injecting a special glue into the fistula tract to seal it and promote healing.
In complex or recurrent cases, a flap of tissue may be taken from the rectal or anal area and used to cover and close the fistula opening.
- Preventing anal fistulas involves proper management of conditions such as Crohn's disease, maintaining good anal hygiene, and seeking prompt medical attention for any signs of infection or abscesses in the anal area.
Grade 1
Symptoms
No prolapsed,only bleeding
Treatement Advise
Diet – high fibre diet
Drugs – Euphorbia prostate and other
Sclerotherapy
IRC
DGHAL
Grade 2
Symptoms
No prolapsed,only bleeding
Treatement Advise
Diet – high fibre diet
Drugs – Euphorbia prostate and other
Sclerotherapy
IRC
DGHAL
Conclusion
Anal fistulas can be a source of pain, discomfort, and recurrent infections. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent complications and promote healing. Surgical interventions and other procedures are often necessary to address anal fistulas effectively. If you suspect you have an anal fistula or are experiencing symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation.